Debian is a free and Open source system. It is developed with tools from the GNU Project. It can be run using Linux and supports ten different architectures, including Intel and AMD 32-bit and 64-bit systems. This includes many default free software titles such as LibreOffice, Iceweasel, etc. It allows its users to choose their desktop environment from a number of options including GNOME, KDE, and LXDE.
Debian Live is a version designed to boot from removable media, allowing it to run from a CD-ROM or USB flash drive without reformatting the hard disk. It provides an option to install it on the hard disk when required.
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What is Debian
Debian is an open-source operating system. It is also known as Debian Linux or Debian GNU. It is developed by the community-supported Debian Project. Debian was established on 16 August 1993 by Ian Murdock and its first version was released in September 1993. Debian manages software packages and dependencies using the dpkg tool to install software from Debian’s free online store. It has been recognized as the most popular version for the stable branch of personal computers.
It is also the basis for other distributions such as Ubuntu. On the basis of the Linux kernel, It is one of the oldest operating systems. The project is Coordinated by the Debian Project Lead in addition to the Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software Guidelines. It is independently developed and distributed according to the principles of the GNU Project.
How to install Debian
It is very easy to Install Debian. Follow these easy steps to install Debian. The most important thing while installing Debian is to choose the right ISO. The hardest part is navigating through its website and finding the ISO that’s easiest for a new Debian user. Instead of downloading this way, you can download via Live ISO.
There are various URLs for direct download here.
- Now you will see many files here from which you can choose the one with the desktop environment of your choice.
- Click on the link ending with iso to download it.
- After the ISO is downloaded the rest of the process is standard.
- Plug the USB into your system to create a live USB of Debian.
- Windows users can do this through Rufus and if you are using Etcher then you can use either Windows or Linux.
- Now Download Etcher from its website.
- Run the downloaded executable file and browse it to the Debian ISO.
- Now make sure the correct USB is selected.
- When it is absolutely sure, press the Flash button.
- Creating a Live USB may take a few minutes.
- Once it is created. it is ready to boot.
- To boot from the Live USB restart the system where you want to install Debian.
- When the manufacturer’s logo showing, go to the boot settings by pressing the F2, F10, or F12 keys.
- This is where you can also access the UEFI firmware settings from Windows.
- sometimes systems do not allow booting from USB when Secure Boot is enabled. Disable Secure Boot from BIOS settings if this happens.
- Press F10 to exit.
- When the manufacturer’s logo appears, then press F2/F10 or F12 to access Boot Settings.
- This process takes some time, and after that, you select the first option.
Start Installation
- When using GNOME Desktop after entering into the Debian session it may show some welcome screen with the option to choose your keyboard and language.
- Click on the Next button.
- Press the Windows key to bring up the activity area.
- Now you Can see the Debian install button here.
- Now it opens a friendly Calamares graphical installer.
- You will have the option to select the geographic location and time zone.
- Click on the Next button.
- Now a new page will open on your desktop where you have to select the keyboard.
- Your keyboard will be automatically selected according to your location. you can modify it.
- On the new page, you will select where you want your Debian installed.
- The easiest way is to go with the ‘Erase Disk’ option.
- You can also choose manual partition as per your choice. But only do this if you know the right way to do it.
- Now a new page will open in front of you where you will have to enter your username and password.
- It does not set the password it is empty.
- This gives you a summary of the choices you made before the actual installation.
- If all the settings are correct then click on the install button.
- The installation process will take some time.
- After completing the process of installation restart your system.
Now Your Debian is successfully installed.
Features of Debian
Free software
Debian is a free and open-source operating system and it is 100% free. You do not have to pay any kind of charge for anyone’s use, modification and distribution.
Flexible Installation
Debian’s Live CD is for those who want to try Debian before installing it. It has Calamares which makes it easy to install Debian from a live system. Users with more experience can use the Debian installer with more options for fine-tuning.
Secure and Stable
It is a Linux-based operating system for a wide range of devices, including desktops and servers. Debian provides a reasonable default configuration for each package as well as regular security updates during the lifetime of the package. It provides better security.
Apart from this, many of its features are very good like
X.org 7.3 integration
X.org 7.3 integration It’s a feature that sets up your screen in Linux With the X.org 7.3 X-Server, the program takes care of setting your display resolution automatically.
Java Compatible
Linux distributions now include the GNU Java Compiler, OpenJDK, and Java bytecode. Users in Debian can now use mostly Java-based programs. Some programs are already present in it, which you can use immediately.
Other Features of Debian
- Debian is an operating system that you can run on anything.
- It is very easy to upgrade your operating system through.
- Linux Ubuntu, PureOS, or Tails are based on Debian, allowing you to extend software packages from the Debian archive to any device if needed.
- You don’t have to be a developer to be part of this community.
- Debian Supports Hardware.
How to change Debian’s root Password
If you forget the password, you may have to face many problems, the process of changing its password is very easy, you can easily change the password by following some steps. Its password can be changed in many ways, if you remember the password, then you can also change the password through your old password.
- If you want to change your root password on Debian 10, you must either have sudo privileges or the root account password.
- Running password command with no arguments to change root password on Debian 10.
- You can specify the root user account with the password command.
- Here you type your password.
- Your password should be strong, it should be at least 10 characters and it should be difficult.
- To connect to it as root, use the “su” command.
- Now your password is successfully changed.
How to Change root password by using single-user mode
To change the password through this method follow the following steps.
- Once you are logged in as root, you can run the command passwd to easily change the root password.
- Now type the password you want to create.
- Now press the Enter button.
- Your password has been changed successfully.
How to Upgrade Debian
It is very easy to upgrade Debian, you can upgrade it by following these easy steps.
- It is important to back up all data and system configuration to upgrade it.
- You can use cloud-based VM snapshots for quick backup.
- You can also speed up the restore process by using VM snapshots.
- Now check the OS version in Linux using the lsb_release command.
- Here we see that no LSB model is available.
- Let’s move on to the process of updating by noting the Linux kernel version as well.
- To avoid any kind of problem list all the packages using the apt-mark command.
- Now remove the host status for all listed packages one by one with the command.
- To apply security patches and pending upgrades to Debian 10 itself before upgrading to the Debian version you need to type some commands.
- That command is something like sudo apt full-upgrade.
- Reboot Debian 10.x Buster for Further Processing.
Now we will upgrade the list source file
- Configure APT’s source-list files before the upgrade process begins.
- Use the cat command to view the current settings.
- We need to replace all references to the file using a text editor like vim as the keyword buster indicates that I am using an older version 10.
- First of all, back up all config files using the cp command.
- Now edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file next to sudo vim.
- Then find the Debian security line.
- Then replace buster lines in the /etc/apt/sources.list and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* directories with a bullseye.
- Now it replaces with deb http://mirrors.linode.com/debian bullseye.
- After that, you will see the updated file.
- Now the updated apt configuration file will update the system to Debian version 11 for Linode Server.
- Here is the updated APT config file on the AWS Lightsail server
then run -sudo apt update. - Now do the process in two parts to save the packages you want to keep.
- You may also get many questions during the upgrade process, answer it in Yes only.
- Now press the Q button to exit. After exit, a new screen will open.
Upgrading Debian
- Minimum upgrade required to perform a full upgrade to complete the full Debian update process.
- You may see additional prompts about updating existing configuration options.
- Review them carefully too.
- After rebooting and outputting when your server is back online try to run the ping command.
- Now finally verify by confirming the upgrade.
Now Your Debian10 is successfully upgraded.
Conclusion
I hope after reading this post all of you have got all the information about What is Debian and How to install it, you must know about all its Features. In today’s post, I also told you How to Change the password. I also hope that you have learned how to upgrade it.
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